Εκτεθείτε…. στον Ήλιο,
Πάρτε συμπληρώματα Βιταμίνης D &
Μειώστε τον κίνδυνο του καρκίνου!!
Ο Ήλιος, τα Συμπληρώματα και ο ρόλος της
Βιταμίνης D
στη μείωση του
κινδύνου και της εξέλιξης του καρκίνου!!!
Επιλογή, Επεξεργασία και Μετάφραση ερευνών: Κατερίνα Μηστριώτη - Σύμβουλος Κλινικής Διατροφολογίας και Ολιστικών Εφαρμογών
Πηγές/Έρευνες /Ερευνητές:
Βλ.
τέλος άρθρου
Σύμφωνα με σοβαρές επιστημονικές έρευνες, «οι γυναίκες με χαμηλά
επίπεδα Βιταμίνης D στο αίμα, έχουν σχεδόν διπλάσιες (97%) πιθανότητες να αναπτύξουν καρκίνο του μαστού
σε σύγκριση με εκείνες με τα υψηλότερα επίπεδα».
Αποφεύγουμε τα χαμηλά επίπεδα απολαμβάνοντας
καθημερινά, με σωστό τρόπο*, τον Ήλιο – χωρίς
αντηλιακό και χωρίς γυαλιά ηλίου - και παίρνοντας συμπληρώματα διατροφής
Βιταμίνης D.
Αυτός είναι ένας εύκολος, οικονομικός και
ασφαλής τρόπος για τη μείωση:
α) της συχνότητας εμφάνισης,
β) την βελτίωση της πρόγνωσης και
γ) της έκβασης του καρκίνου!
(επιπλέον έρευνες βρίσκονται σε εξέλιξη)
Η Βιταμίνη D στην πραγματικότητα δεν είναι Βιταμίνη!
Είναι ο πρόδρομος της ισχυρής στεροειδούς ορμόνης καλσιτριόλης,
η οποία έχει εκτεταμένες δράσεις σε ολόκληρο τον οργανισμό, ρυθμίζοντας πολλές κυτταρικές διεργασίες που θα μπορούσαν
να παίζουν ρόλο στην πρόληψη μιας σειράς καρκίνων (μαστού, παχέως εντέρου, ουροδόχου
κύστεως, προστάτη αλλά και άλλων σοβαρών παθήσεων).
Από την τροφή μας μπορούμε να πάρουμε ελάχιστη ποσότητα
Βιταμίνης D (D3) από την συνολική
που χρειαζόμαστε.
Έτσι τα Συμπληρώματα
και η σωστή* έκθεσή μας στον Ήλιο, είναι η απάντηση!!!!
Σημείωση: Η Bιταμίνη
D3
εμπλέκεται σε έναν λεπτό χορό με την Bιταμίνη K2,
και θα πρέπει να έχετε και τα δύο συστατικά σε συνεργικές μεταξύ τους και
επαρκείς ποσότητες για να εξασφαλίσετε βέλτιστη υγεία.
Τα περισσότερα
συμπληρώματα αποδίδουν αυτόν τον συνδυασμό.
*Σωστός τρόπος έκθεσης στον ήλιο:
Καλοκαίρι:
Πρωί : μέχρι τις 12.00 Απόγευμα: από τις 18.00 και μετά
Τον υπόλοιπο χρόνο, ελεύθερα οποιαδήποτε ώρα και για τουλάχιστον
συνολικά 45 λεπτά την ημέρα.
Πάντοτε ενυδατωμένοι το καλοκαίρι κατά την διάρκεια της έκθεσής
μας στον ήλιο
(πίνουμε συχνά νερό)
Εάν έχουμε ευαίσθητο δέρμα, είναι καλό να φοράμε ένα λεπτό λευκό
μπλουζάκι που θα απομακρύνει την πιθανότητα εγκαύματος.
Φοράμε πάντοτε καπέλο ανοιχτόχρωμο με γείσο.
Αποφεύγουμε – όσο αυτό δεν μας ενοχλεί - τα γυαλιά ηλίου επειδή
δίνουν στον εγκέφαλο σήμα ότι επικρατεί
συννεφιά και όχι ηλιοφάνεια.
Ως αποτέλεσμα, ο εγκέφαλος δεν δίνει σήμα για
παραγωγή μελανίνης… και η επιδερμίδα μας υποφέρει!
Όταν παράγεται μελανίνη, το δέρμα μας αποκτά ένα όμορφο φυσικό μαύρισμα και δεν
υπάρχει κανένας λόγος να χρησιμοποιήσουμε αντηλιακό το οποίο εμποδίζει την
παραγωγή και εκμετάλλευση από τον οργανισμό της Βιταμίνης D.
Το ίδιο ακριβώς κάνουν και τα μαύρα ενδύματα.
Αποφεύγουμε τα
μαύρα στην διάρκεια της ημέρας και για ενεργειακούς λόγους!
Είναι επίσης καλό στην διάρκεια του καλοκαιριού και της έκθεσής
μας στον ήλιο, να ενισχύουμε τον οργανισμό μας με χλωροφύλλη.
Μόλις 20 λεπτά ηλιοφάνειας
(και έκθεσης στον ήλιο)
την ημέρα,
ενεργοποιεί το
σώμα σας ώστε να
απελευθερώσει
περισσότερα από
200 αντιμικροβιακά
που καταπολεμούν:
τους μύκητες,
τα παράσιτα και
τους ιούς!!!!!
Εκτεθείτε ( στον ήλιο ) !!!!
Έρευνες/Πηγές
1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA,
Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018:
GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185
countries. CA Cancer J Clin.
2018; 68:394–424.
10.3322/caac.21492 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
2. Clegg LX, Li FP, Hankey BF, Chu K, Edwards BK. Cancer survival among US whites and minorities: a SEER
(Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) Program population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 2002; 162:1985–93. 10.1001/archinte.162.17.1985 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
3. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin.
2019; 69:7–34.
10.3322/caac.21551 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
4. Okazaki R. [Vitamin D
and cancer]. Clin Calcium. 2014; 24:1193–99. [PubMed] [Google
Scholar]
5. Dunn JA, Jefferson K, MacDonald D, Iqbal G, Bland R. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with increased
bladder cancer risk: A systematic review and evidence of a potential mechanism. J Steroid Biochem Mol
Biol. 2019; 188:134–40. 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.01.002 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
6. Li F, Zhao H, Hou L, Ling F, Zhang Y, Tan W. A higher circulating concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D
decreases the risk of renal cell carcinoma: a case-control study. Int Braz J Urol. 2019; 45:523–30. 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0186 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
7. Giovannucci E. The
epidemiology of vitamin D and cancer incidence and mortality: a review (United
States). Cancer
Causes Control. 2005; 16:83–95.
10.1007/s10552-004-1661-4 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
8. Feldman D, Krishnan AV, Swami S, Giovannucci E, Feldman
BJ. The role of vitamin D in reducing cancer
risk and progression. Nat Rev Cancer. 2014; 14:342–57. 10.1038/nrc3691 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
9. Vanoirbeek E, Krishnan A, Eelen G, Verlinden L, Bouillon
R, Feldman D, Verstuyf A. The anti-cancer and
anti-inflammatory actions of 1,25(OH)2D3. Best Pract Res Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 25:593–604.
10.1016/j.beem.2011.05.001 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
10. Hiatt RA, Krieger N, Lobaugh B, Drezner MK, Vogelman JH,
Orentreich N. Prediagnostic serum vitamin D
and breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst.
1998; 90:461–63.
10.1093/jnci/90.6.461 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
11. Yin L, Grandi N, Raum E, Haug U, Arndt V, Brenner H. Meta-analysis: serum vitamin D and breast cancer risk. Eur J Cancer. 2010; 46:2196–205. 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.03.037 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
12. Hong Z, Tian C, Zhang X. Dietary calcium intake, vitamin D levels, and breast cancer
risk: a dose-response analysis of observational studies. Breast Cancer Res
Treat. 2012; 136:309–12. 10.1007/s10549-012-2172-8 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
13. Gissel T, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L, Vestergaard P. Intake of vitamin D and risk of breast cancer—a meta-analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol
Biol. 2008; 111:195–99. 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.06.002 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
14. Estébanez N, Gómez-Acebo I, Palazuelos C, Llorca J,
Dierssen-Sotos T. Vitamin D exposure and Risk
of Breast Cancer: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2018; 8:9039.
10.1038/s41598-018-27297-1 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
15. Bauer SR, Hankinson SE, Bertone-Johnson ER, Ding EL. Plasma vitamin D levels, menopause, and risk of breast cancer:
dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2013; 92:123–31. 10.1097/MD.0b013e3182943bc2 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
16. O’Brien KM, Sandler DP, Taylor JA, Weinberg CR. Serum Vitamin D and Risk of Breast Cancer within Five Years. Environ Health
Perspect. 2017; 125:077004.
10.1289/EHP943 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
17. Fedirko V, Torres-Mejía G, Ortega-Olvera C, Biessy C,
Angeles-Llerenas A, Lazcano-Ponce E, Saldaña-Quiroz VA, Romieu I. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of breast cancer: results of
a large population-based case-control study in Mexican women. Cancer Causes Control. 2012; 23:1149–62. 10.1007/s10552-012-9984-z [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
18. Shin MH, Holmes MD, Hankinson SE, Wu K, Colditz GA,
Willett WC. Intake of dairy products,
calcium, and vitamin d and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002; 94:1301–11. 10.1093/jnci/94.17.1301 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
19. McCullough ML, Rodriguez C, Diver WR, Feigelson HS,
Stevens VL, Thun MJ, Calle EE. Dairy,
calcium, and vitamin D intake and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the
Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005; 14:2898–904. 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0611 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
20. Robien K, Cutler GJ, Lazovich D. Vitamin D intake and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal
women: the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2007; 18:775–82.
10.1007/s10552-007-9020-x [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
21. Lin J, Manson JE, Lee IM, Cook NR, Buring JE, Zhang
SM. Intakes of calcium and vitamin D and
breast cancer risk in women. Arch Intern Med.
2007; 167:1050–59.
10.1001/archinte.167.10.1050 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
22. Engel P, Fagherazzi G, Mesrine S, Boutron-Ruault MC,
Clavel-Chapelon F. Joint effects of dietary
vitamin D and sun exposure on breast cancer risk: results from the French E3N
cohort. Cancer
Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011; 20:187–98.
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-1039 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
23. Edvardsen K, Veierød MB, Brustad M, Braaten T, Engelsen O,
Lund E. Vitamin D-effective solar UV
radiation, dietary vitamin D and breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 2011; 128:1425–33. 10.1002/ijc.25463 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
24. Abbas S, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S, Chang-Claude J, Peeters
PH, Engel P, Brustad M, Lund E, Skeie G, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K,
Boutron-Ruault MC, et al.. Dietary intake of vitamin
D and calcium and breast cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation
into Cancer and Nutrition. Nutr Cancer. 2013; 65:178–87.
10.1080/01635581.2013.752018 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
25. John EM, Schwartz GG, Dreon DM, Koo J. Vitamin D and breast cancer risk: the NHANES I Epidemiologic
follow-up study, 1971-1975 to 1992. National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey. Cancer
Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999; 8:399–406. [PubMed] [Google
Scholar]
26. Frazier AL, Li L, Cho E, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Adolescent diet and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 2004; 15:73–82. 10.1023/B:CACO.0000016617.57120.df [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
27. Kuper H, Yang L, Sandin S, Lof M, Adami HO, Weiderpass
E. Prospective study of solar exposure,
dietary vitamin D intake, and risk of breast cancer among middle-aged women. Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev. 2009; 18:2558–61.
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0449 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
28. Potischman N, Swanson CA, Coates RJ, Gammon MD, Brogan DR,
Curtin J, Brinton LA. Intake of food groups
and associated micronutrients in relation to risk of early-stage breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 1999; 82:315–21.
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990730)82:3<315::AID-IJC1>3.0.CO;2-N [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
29. Rossi M, McLaughlin JK, Lagiou P, Bosetti C, Talamini R,
Lipworth L, Giacosa A, Montella M, Franceschi S, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Vitamin D intake and breast cancer risk: a case-control study in
Italy. Ann
Oncol. 2009; 20:374–78. 10.1093/annonc/mdn550 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
30. Anderson LN, Cotterchio M, Vieth R, Knight JA. Vitamin D and calcium intakes and breast cancer risk in pre-
and postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010; 91:1699–707.
10.3945/ajcn.2009.28869 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
31. Kawase T, Matsuo K, Suzuki T, Hirose K, Hosono S, Watanabe
M, Inagaki M, Iwata H, Tanaka H, Tajima K. Association
between vitamin D and calcium intake and breast cancer risk according to
menopausal status and receptor status in Japan. Cancer Sci. 2010; 101:1234–40. 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01496.x [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
32. Lee MS, Huang YC, Wahlqvist ML, Wu TY, Chou YC, Wu MH, Yu
JC, Sun CA. Vitamin D decreases risk of
breast cancer in premenopausal women of normal weight in subtropical taiwan. J Epidemiol. 2011; 21:87–94. 10.2188/jea.JE20100088 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
33. Rollison DE, Cole AL, Tung KH, Slattery ML, Baumgartner
KB, Byers T, Wolff RK, Giuliano AR. Vitamin D
intake, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk among women
living in the southwestern U.S. Breast Cancer Res Treat.
2012; 132:683–91.
10.1007/s10549-011-1885-4 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
34. Abbas S, Linseisen J, Chang-Claude J. Dietary vitamin D and calcium intake and premenopausal breast
cancer risk in a German case-control study. Nutr Cancer. 2007; 59:54–61.
10.1080/01635580701390223 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
35. Levi F, Pasche C, Lucchini F, La Vecchia C. Dietary intake of selected micronutrients and breast-cancer
risk. Int
J Cancer. 2001; 91:260–63.
10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999:9999<::AID-IJC1041>3.0.CO;2-# [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
36. Cheney CP, Thorand B, Huth C, Berger K, Peters A,
Seifert-Klauss V, Kiechle M, Strauch K, Quante AS. The Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Cancer
Risk: Results from the Prospective KORA F4 Study. Oncol Res Treat. 2018; 41:117–21. 10.1159/000485512 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
37. Palmer JR, Gerlovin H, Bethea TN, Bertrand KA, Holick MF,
Ruiz-Narvaez EN, Wise LA, Haddad SA, Adams-Campbell LL, Kaufman HW, Rosenberg
L, Cozier YC. Predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D
in relation to incidence of breast cancer in a large cohort of African American
women. Breast
Cancer Res. 2016; 18:86.
10.1186/s13058-016-0745-x [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
38. Ordóñez-Mena JM, Schöttker B, Fedirko V, Jenab M, Olsen A,
Halkjær J, Kampman E, de Groot L, Jansen E, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Peeters PH,
Siganos G, Wilsgaard T, et al.. Pre-diagnostic
vitamin D concentrations and cancer risks in older individuals: an analysis of
cohorts participating in the CHANCES consortium. Eur J Epidemiol. 2016; 31:311–23. 10.1007/s10654-015-0040-7 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
39. Skaaby T, Husemoen LL, Thuesen BH, Pisinger C, Jørgensen
T, Roswall N, Larsen SC, Linneberg A. Prospective
population-based study of the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D
levels and the incidence of specific types of cancer. Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev. 2014; 23:1220–29.
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0007 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
40. Ordóñez-Mena JM, Schöttker B, Haug U, Müller H, Köhrle J,
Schomburg L, Holleczek B, Brenner H. Serum
25-hydroxyvitamin d and cancer risk in older adults: results from a large
German prospective cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013; 22:905–16. 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-1332 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
41. McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Baggerly LL, Garland
CF, Gorham ED, Hollis BW, Trump DL, Lappe JM. Breast cancer risk markedly lower with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin
D concentrations ≥60 vs <20 ng/ml (150 vs 50 nmol/L): pooled analysis of two
randomized trials and a prospective cohort. PLoS One. 2018; 13:e0199265.
10.1371/journal.pone.0199265 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
42. Bertone-Johnson ER, Chen WY, Holick MF, Hollis BW, Colditz
GA, Willett WC, Hankinson SE. Plasma
25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev. 2005; 14:1991–97.
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0722 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
43. Lowe LC, Guy M, Mansi JL, Peckitt C, Bliss J, Wilson RG,
Colston KW. Plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D
concentrations, vitamin D receptor genotype and breast cancer risk in a UK
Caucasian population. Eur J Cancer. 2005; 41:1164–69.
10.1016/j.ejca.2005.01.017 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
44. Abbas S, Linseisen J, Slanger T, Kropp S, Mutschelknauss
EJ, Flesch-Janys D, Chang-Claude J. Serum
25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of post-menopausal breast cancer—results of a
large case-control study. Carcinogenesis. 2008; 29:93–99. 10.1093/carcin/bgm240
[PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
45. Chlebowski RT, Johnson KC, Kooperberg C, Pettinger M,
Wactawski-Wende J, Rohan T, Rossouw J, Lane D, O’Sullivan MJ, Yasmeen S, Hiatt
RA, Shikany JM, Vitolins M, et al., and Women’s Health Initiative
Investigators. Calcium plus vitamin D
supplementation and the risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008; 100:1581–91. 10.1093/jnci/djn360 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
46. Freedman DM, Chang SC, Falk RT, Purdue MP, Huang WY,
McCarty CA, Hollis BW, Graubard BI, Berg CD, Ziegler RG. Serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and breast cancer risk in
the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial. Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev. 2008; 17:889–94.
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2594 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
47. Abbas S, Chang-Claude J, Linseisen J. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and premenopausal breast cancer risk
in a German case-control study. Int J Cancer. 2009; 124:250–55. 10.1002/ijc.23904 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
48. Crew KD, Gammon MD, Steck SE, Hershman DL, Cremers S,
Dworakowski E, Shane E, Terry MB, Desai M, Teitelbaum SL, Neugut AI, Santella
RM. Association between plasma
25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer risk. Cancer Prev Res (Phila).
2009; 2:598–604.
10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0138 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
49. McCullough ML, Stevens VL, Patel R, Jacobs EJ, Bain EB,
Horst RL, Gapstur SM, Thun MJ, Calle EE. Serum
25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a
nested case control study in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. Breast Cancer Res. 2009; 11:R64. 10.1186/bcr2356 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
50. Rejnmark L, Tietze A, Vestergaard P, Buhl L, Lehbrink M,
Heickendorff L, Mosekilde L. Reduced
prediagnostic 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in women with breast cancer: a nested
case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009; 18:2655–60. 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0531 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
51. Almquist M, Bondeson AG, Bondeson L, Malm J, Manjer
J. Serum levels of vitamin D, PTH and calcium
and breast cancer risk-a prospective nested case-control study. Int J Cancer. 2010; 127:2159–68. 10.1002/ijc.25215 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
52. Engel P, Fagherazzi G, Boutten A, Dupré T, Mesrine S,
Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F. Serum
25(OH) vitamin D and risk of breast cancer: a nested case-control study from
the French E3N cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010; 19:2341–50. 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0264 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
53. Lope V, Castelló A, Mena-Bravo A, Amiano P, Aragonés N,
Fernández-Villa T, Guevara M, Dierssen-Sotos T, Fernandez-Tardón G,
Castaño-Vinyals G, Marcos-Gragera R, Moreno V, Salas-Trejo D, et al.. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer risk by
pathological subtype (MCC-Spain). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.
2018; 182:4–13.
10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.04.005 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
54. Shirazi L, Almquist M, Borgquist S, Malm J, Manjer
J. Serum vitamin D (25OHD3) levels and the risk
of different subtypes of breast cancer: A nested case-control study. Breast. 2016; 28:184–90. 10.1016/j.breast.2016.06.002 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
55. Deschasaux M, Souberbielle JC, Latino-Martel P, Sutton A,
Charnaux N, Druesne-Pecollo N, Galan P, Hercberg S, Le Clerc S, Kesse-Guyot E,
Ezzedine K, Touvier M. Weight Status and
Alcohol Intake Modify the Association between Vitamin D and Breast Cancer Risk. J Nutr. 2016; 146:576–85. 10.3945/jn.115.221481 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
56. Kühn T, Kaaks R, Becker S, Eomois PP, Clavel-Chapelon F,
Kvaskoff M, Dossus L, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Chang-Claude J,
Lukanova A, Buijsse B, et al.. Plasma
25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of breast cancer in the European prospective
investigation into cancer and nutrition: a nested case-control study. Int J Cancer. 2013; 133:1689–700. 10.1002/ijc.28172 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
57. Pazdiora P, Svobodova S, Fuchsova R, Kucera R, Prazakova
M, Vrzalova J, Narsanska A, Strakova M, Treskova I, Pecen L, Treska V, Holubec
L Jr, Pesek M, et al.. Vitamin D in
colorectal, breast, prostate and lung cancer: a pilot study. Anticancer Res. 2011; 31:3619–21. [PubMed] [Google
Scholar]
58. Eliassen AH, Warner ET, Rosner B, Collins LC, Beck AH,
Quintana LM, Tamimi RM, Hankinson SE. Plasma
25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women Followed over 20 Years. Cancer Res. 2016; 76:5423–30. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-0353 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
59. Mohr SB, Gorham ED, Alcaraz JE, Kane CI, Macera CA,
Parsons JK, Wingard DL, Horst R, Garland CF. Serum
25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer in the military: a case-control study
utilizing pre-diagnostic serum. Cancer Causes Control.
2013; 24:495–504.
10.1007/s10552-012-0140-6 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
60. Neuhouser ML, Manson JE, Millen A, Pettinger M, Margolis
K, Jacobs ET, Shikany JM, Vitolins M, Adams-Campbell L, Liu S, LeBlanc E,
Johnson KC, Wactawski-Wende J. The influence
of health and lifestyle characteristics on the relation of serum
25-hydroxyvitamin D with risk of colorectal and breast cancer in postmenopausal
women. Am
J Epidemiol. 2012; 175:673–84.
10.1093/aje/kwr350 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
61. Peppone LJ, Rickles AS, Janelsins MC, Insalaco MR, Skinner
KA. The association between breast cancer
prognostic indicators and serum 25-OH vitamin D levels. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012; 19:2590–99. 10.1245/s10434-012-2297-3 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
62. Yao S, Sucheston LE, Millen AE, Johnson CS, Trump DL,
Nesline MK, Davis W, Hong CC, McCann SE, Hwang H, Kulkarni S, Edge SB, O’Connor
TL, Ambrosone CB. Pretreatment serum
concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer prognostic
characteristics: a case-control and a case-series study. PLoS One. 2011; 6:e17251. 10.1371/journal.pone.0017251 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
63. Eliassen AH, Spiegelman D, Hollis BW, Horst RL, Willett
WC, Hankinson SE. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D
and risk of breast cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Breast Cancer Res. 2011; 13:R50. 10.1186/bcr2880 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
64. Budhathoki S, Hidaka A, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Tanaka-Mizuno
S, Kuchiba A, Charvat H, Goto A, Kojima S, Sudo N, Shimazu T, Sasazuki S, Inoue
M, et al., and Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and subsequent risk of
total and site specific cancers in Japanese population: large case-cohort study
within Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study cohort. BMJ. 2018; 360:k671. 10.1136/bmj.k671 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
65. Colagar AH, Firouzjah HM, Halalkhor S, Vitamin D. Vitamin D Receptor Poly(A) Microsatellite Polymorphism and
25-Hydroxyvitamin D Serum Levels: Association with Susceptibility to Breast
Cancer. J
Breast Cancer. 2015; 18:119–25.
10.4048/jbc.2015.18.2.119 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
66. Yousef FM, Jacobs ET, Kang PT, Hakim IA, Going S, Yousef
JM, Al-Raddadi RM, Kumosani TA, Thomson CA. Vitamin
D status and breast cancer in Saudi Arabian women: case-control study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013; 98:105–10. 10.3945/ajcn.112.054445 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
67. Chen P, Li M, Gu X, Liu Y, Li X, Li C, Wang Y, Xie D, Wang
F, Yu C, Li J, Chen X, Chu R, et al.. Higher
blood 25(OH)D level may reduce the breast cancer risk: evidence from a Chinese
population based case-control study and meta-analysis of the observational
studies. PLoS
One. 2013; 8:e49312. 10.1371/journal.pone.0049312 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
68. Atoum MF, Al-Khatib YM. Association
between Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Concentration and TaqI Vitamin
D Receptor Gene Polymorphism among Jordanian Females with Breast Cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2017; 130:1074–78. 10.4103/0366-6999.204933 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
69. Jamshidinaeini Y, Akbari ME, Abdollahi M, Ajami M, Davoodi
SH. Vitamin D Status and Risk of Breast
Cancer in Iranian Women: A Case-Control Study. J Am Coll Nutr. 2016; 35:639–46. 10.1080/07315724.2015.1127786 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
70. Alipour S, Hadji M, Hosseini L, Omranipour R, Saberi A,
Seifollahi A, Bayani L, Shirzad N. Levels of
serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin d in benign and malignant breast masses. Asian Pac J Cancer
Prev. 2014; 15:129–32. 10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.1.129 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
71. Bidgoli SA, Azarshab H. Role
of vitamin D deficiency and lack of sun exposure in the incidence of
premenopausal breast cancer: a case control study in Sabzevar, Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer
Prev. 2014; 15:3391–96. 10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.8.3391 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
72. Imtiaz S, Siddiqui N, Raza SA, Loya A, Muhammad A. Vitamin D deficiency in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Indian J Endocrinol
Metab. 2012; 16:409–13. 10.4103/2230-8210.95684 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
73. Sofi NY, Jain M, Kapil U, Seenu V, Kamal VK, Pandey
RM. Nutritional risk factors and status of
serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with breast cancer: A case control study in
India. J
Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018; 175:55–59. 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.09.020
[PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
74. Sofi NY, Jain M, Kapil U, Seenu V, R L, Yadav CP, Pandey
RM, Sareen N. Reproductive factors,
nutritional status and serum 25(OH)D levels in women with breast cancer: A case
control study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.
2018; 175:200–04.
10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.11.003 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
75. Park S, Lee DH, Jeon JY, Ryu J, Kim S, Kim JY, Park HS,
Kim SI, Park BW. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
deficiency and increased risk of breast cancer among Korean women: a
case-control study. Breast Cancer Res Treat.
2015; 152:147–54.
10.1007/s10549-015-3433-0 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
76. Anderson LN, Cotterchio M, Kirsh VA, Knight JA. Ultraviolet sunlight exposure during adolescence and adulthood
and breast cancer risk: a population-based case-control study among Ontario
women. Am
J Epidemiol. 2011; 174:293–304. 10.1093/aje/kwr091
[PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
77. Amir E, Cecchini RS, Ganz PA, Costantino JP, Beddows S,
Hood N, Goodwin PJ. 25-Hydroxy vitamin-D,
obesity, and associated variables as predictors of breast cancer risk and
tamoxifen benefit in NSABP-P1. Breast Cancer Res Treat.
2012; 133:1077–88.
10.1007/s10549-012-2012-x [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
78. Bilinski K, Boyages J. Association
between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and breast cancer risk in an
Australian population: an observational case-control study. Breast Cancer Res
Treat. 2013; 137:599–607. 10.1007/s10549-012-2381-1 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
79. Oliveira Sediyama CM, Dias MM, Pessoa MC, Queiroz AR,
Suhett LG, Freitas RN, De Paula SO, Peluzio MD. Lifestyle and vitamin D dosage in women with breast cancer. Nutr Hosp. 2016; 33:584. 10.20960/nh.584 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
80. Scarmo S, Afanasyeva Y, Lenner P, Koenig KL, Horst RL,
Clendenen TV, Arslan AA, Chen Y, Hallmans G, Lundin E, Rinaldi S, Toniolo P,
Shore RE, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A. Circulating
levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of breast cancer: a nested case-control
study. Breast
Cancer Res. 2013; 15:R15. 10.1186/bcr3390 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
81. Wu Y, Sarkissyan M, Clayton S, Chlebowski R, Vadgama
JV. Association of Vitamin D3 Level with
Breast Cancer Risk and Prognosis in African-American and Hispanic Women. Cancers (Basel). 2017; 9:E144. 10.3390/cancers9100144 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
82. Kim Y, Franke AA, Shvetsov YB, Wilkens LR, Cooney RV,
Lurie G, Maskarinec G, Hernandez BY, Le Marchand L, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN,
Goodman MT. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is
associated with decreased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in whites: a
nested case-control study in the multiethnic cohort study. BMC Cancer. 2014; 14:29. 10.1186/1471-2407-14-29 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
83. Veldhuis S, Wolbers F, Brouckaert O, Vermes I, Franke
HR. Cancer prevalence in osteoporotic women
with low serum vitamin D levels. Menopause. 2011; 18:319–22.
10.1097/gme.0b013e3181f81ad5 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
84. Grant WB. A Review of
the Evidence Supporting the Vitamin D-Cancer Prevention Hypothesis in 2017. Anticancer Res. 2018; 38:1121–36. 10.21873/anticanres.12331 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
85. Gilbert R, Bonilla C, Metcalfe C, Lewis S, Evans DM,
Fraser WD, Kemp JP, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Neal DE, Lane JA, Smith GD, Lathrop
M, Martin RM. Associations of vitamin D
pathway genes with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin-D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D,
and prostate cancer: a nested case-control study. Cancer Causes Control. 2015; 26:205–18. 10.1007/s10552-014-0500-5 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
86. Chandler PD, Buring JE, Manson JE, Giovannucci EL, Moorthy
MV, Zhang S, Lee IM, Lin JH. Circulating
Vitamin D Levels and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women. Cancer Prev Res
(Phila). 2015; 8:675–82.
10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0470 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
87. McCullough ML, Zoltick ES, Weinstein SJ, Fedirko V, Wang
M, Cook NR, Eliassen AH, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Agnoli C, Albanes D, Barnett
MJ, Buring JE, Campbell PT, et al.. Circulating
Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer Risk: An International Pooling Project of 17
Cohorts. J
Natl Cancer Inst. 2019; 111:158–69.
10.1093/jnci/djy087 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
88. Gao J, Wei W, Wang G, Zhou H, Fu Y, Liu N. Circulating vitamin D concentration and risk of prostate
cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018; 14:95–104. 10.2147/TCRM.S149325 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
89. Cattaruzza MS, Pisani D, Fidanza L, Gandini S, Marmo G,
Narcisi A, Bartolazzi A, Carlesimo M. 25-Hydroxyvitamin
D serum levels and melanoma risk: a case-control study and evidence synthesis
of clinical epidemiological studies. Eur J Cancer Prev.
2019; 28:203–11.
10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000437 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
90. Colston K, Colston MJ, Feldman D. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and malignant melanoma: the presence
of receptors and inhibition of cell growth in culture. Endocrinology. 1981; 108:1083–86. 10.1210/endo-108-3-1083 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
91. Huhtakangas JA, Veijola J, Turunen S, Karjalainen A,
Valkealahti M, Nousiainen T, Yli-Luukko S, Vuolteenaho O, Lehenkari P. 1,25(OH)2D3 and calcipotriol, its hypocalcemic
analog, exert a long-lasting anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effect in
synoviocytes cultured from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and
osteoarthritis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.
2017; 173:13–22.
10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.017 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
92. Chen L, Yang R, Qiao W, Yuan X, Wang S, Goltzman D, Miao
D. 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D prevents
tumorigenesis by inhibiting oxidative stress and inducing tumor cellular
senescence in mice. Int J Cancer. 2018; 143:368–82. 10.1002/ijc.31317 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
93. Kim Y, Je Y. Vitamin D
intake, blood 25(OH)D levels, and breast cancer risk or mortality: a
meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2014; 110:2772–84.
10.1038/bjc.2014.175 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
94. Crew KD, Anderson GL, Hershman DL, Terry MB, Tehranifar P,
Lew DL, Yee M, Brown EA, Kairouz SS, Kuwajerwala N, Bevers T, Doster JE, Zarwan
C, et al.. Randomized Double-Blind
Placebo-Controlled Biomarker Modulation Study of Vitamin D Supplementation in
Premenopausal Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer (SWOG S0812). Cancer Prev Res
(Phila). 2019; 12:481–90.
10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-18-0444 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
95. Li J, Li B, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, Liu A, Wang H, Zhang J, Qin
Q, Hong Z, Li BA. Do genetic polymorphisms of
the vitamin D receptor contribute to breast/ovarian cancer? A systematic review
and network meta-analysis. Gene. 2018; 677:211–27.
10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.070 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
96. Shi J, Grundy A, Richardson H, Burstyn I, Schuetz JM,
Lohrisch CA, SenGupta SK, Lai AS, Brooks-Wilson A, Spinelli JJ, Aronson
KJ. Genetic variation in vitamin D-related
genes and risk of breast cancer among women of European and East Asian descent. Tumour Biol. 2016; 37:6379–87. 10.1007/s13277-015-4417-8 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
97. Shahbazi S, Alavi S, Majidzadeh-A K, Ghaffarpour M,
Soleimani A, Mahdian R. BsmI but not FokI
polymorphism of VDR gene is contributed in breast cancer. Med Oncol. 2013; 30:393. 10.1007/s12032-012-0393-7 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
98. Wang J, Eliassen AH, Spiegelman D, Willett WC, Hankinson
SE. Plasma free 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin
D binding protein, and risk of breast cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Cancer Causes Control. 2014; 25:819–27. 10.1007/s10552-014-0383-5 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
99. Vojdeman FJ, Madsen CM, Frederiksen K, Durup D, Olsen A,
Hansen L, Heegaard AM, Lind B, Tjønneland A, Jørgensen HL, Schwarz P. Vitamin D levels and cancer incidence in 217,244 individuals
from primary health care in Denmark. Int J Cancer. 2019; 145:338–46. 10.1002/ijc.32105 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
100. Stang A. Critical
evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of
nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol.
2010; 25:603–05.
10.1007/s10654-010-9491-z [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
101. Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002; 21:1539–58. 10.1002/sim.1186 [PubMed]
[CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
102. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis
in clinical trials revisited. Contemp Clin Trials.
2015; 45:139–45.
10.1016/j.cct.2015.09.002 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
103. Greenland S, Longnecker MP. Methods for trend estimation from summarized dose-response
data, with applications to meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 1992; 135:1301–09.
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116237 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
104. Liu Q, Cook NR, Bergström A, Hsieh CC. A two-stage hierarchical regression model for meta-analysis of
epidemiologic nonlinear dose–response data. Comput Stat Data Anal. 2009; 53:4157–67.
10.1016/j.csda.2009.05.001 [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar]
105. Orsini N, Li R, Wolk A, Khudyakov
P, Spiegelman D. Meta-analysis for linear and
nonlinear dose-response relations: examples, an evaluation of approximations,
and software. Am J Epidemiol. 2012; 175:66–73.
10.1093/aje/kwr265 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google
Scholar] 106.www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24705652